))Nowadays the phytotherapy is being discovered anew in pediatrics. Thanks to the development of medicine and new technologies, a change of tendency took place in curing childhood diseases. Clinical trials are showing, that natural preparations are being well tolerated by children and in many cases they can replace synthetic medicines, limiting adverse effects of the pharmacotherapy. In this thesis mechanisms of action of more important herbal medicines and routes of administration were included, taking pediatric doses into account. Important aspects of the phytotherapy of infants and older children were described, taking into consideration both preparations for outside, as well as internal applying. The phytotherapy of the respiratory, alimentary, urinary and nervous system disturbances, was described in detail. In the thesis were collected the most important unwanted effects of the therapy with particular herbs and possibilities of their interaction with synthetic medicines. It was pointed at the toxicity of some herbs as well as issues of oversensitivity to plant raw materials were brought up. Literature data analysis let put forward a motion, that there is still a lack of reliable analyses, concerning effects and safety of some herbal medicines in pediatrics. However, growing scientific progress and interests in this branch of complementary medicine, will result in the near future in the wider range of plant products, adapted for needs of the little patient.